安装
分区
大小(MB) 挂载点 类型 格式化
LVM 卷组
Vg_h01 476436
Lv_root 51200 / ext4 yes
Lv_home 419236 /home ext4 yes
Lv_swap 6000 swap yes
硬盘驱动器
Sda
Sda1 500 /boot ext4 yes
Sda2 476439 vg_h01 物理卷组LVM yes
7788
yum install epel-release
yum update && yum upgrade
# yum -y update && yum -y upgrade
yum install net-tools # centos 7 最小化安装找不到 ifconfig, netstat
yum install nmap # nmap
yum install wget
yum install telnet # Ctrl+] 之后,quit 可以结束telnet
yum install openssh-clients
yum install man
yum install unzip
yum install gcc
yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
yum install mlocate # updatedb,locate 命令
yum install lsof # lsof 命令
yum install psmisc # pstree 命令
# 防止 /etc/resolv.conf 被覆盖,就禁用 NetworkManager
systemctl disable NetworkManager
systemctl stop NetworkManager
# systemctl enable NetworkManager-wait-online.service
yum install rkhunter
rkhunter --check
修改主机名
hostname # 查看 hostname
hostname xxx.xxx.xxx # 临时修改 hostname
vi /etc/hostname # 持久修改hostname,重启才生效
xxx.xxx.xxx
# ??? /etc/sysconfig/network
nmtui # 设置主机名
修改环境变量
root@h01 ~]# vi /etc/profile.d/custom.sh
export EDITOR=vim
export XXX=xxx
export VISUAL=vim # crontab -e 使用的编辑器
#export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
#export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
时区
timedatectl list-timezones # 列出可用时区
timedatectl set-timezone "Asia/Shanghai" # 设置时区
timedatectl status # 检查
EPEL
# for centos 7
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm
# for centos 6
rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
#rpm -ivh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm
# for centos 5
rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
#rpm -ivh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-5.rpm
Tools
putty
- 防止vi时使用小键盘造成乱码:Terminal->Features: 选中 Disable application keypad mode
Locale && Language
locale # show current settings
# LC_COLLATE : 定义该环境的排序和比较规则
# LC_CTYPE : 用于字符分类和字符串处理(单字节?多字节?字符编码?)
# LC_MONETARY : 货币格式
# LC_NUMERIC : 非货币的数字显示格式
# LC_TIME : 时间和日期格式
# LC_MESSAGES : 提示信息的语言
# LANG : LC_* 的默认设置
# LC_ALL : 设置该值,相当于设置LC_*的值为指定值
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 # 临时修改环境
vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n # 永久修改环境
# 英文版系统:
#LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
#SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"
# 中文版系统:
#LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
#SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"
IP Config
检查DNS服务器 :
cat /etc/resolv.conf
# No nameservers found; try putting DNS servers into your # ifcfg files in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts like so: # # DNS1=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx # DNS2=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx # DOMAIN=lab.foo.com bar.foo.com # nameserver xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx nameserver 8.8.8.8 nameserver 8.8.4.4
检查是否启用网络和主机名
cat /etc/sysconfig/network
:NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=h01
DNS
参考 : 8.2. Interface Configuration Files 2
# 1. NetworkManager 重启会重写 /etc/resolv.conf, # 其中的内容来自于 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* # 因此可以通过该文件配置 # 2. 如果不想 /etc/resolv.conf 被重写,可以 # 2.1 禁用 NetworkManager systemctl disable NetworkManager.service systemctl stop NetworkManager.service # 2.2 不让 NetworkManager 修改 DNS 设置 vi /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf [main] dns=none # 3. 注意: 如果某个网卡使用的 dhcp,且配置为 PEERDNS="yes" # 则 /etc/resolv.conf 仍会被重写,只不过是被 /usr/sbin/dhclient-script 重写
centos 7 通过命令修改 IP 地址
ip addr # 查看IP地址 ip link # 查看网络连接 dhclient -v -r eth0 # 释放DHCP获取的IP地址,重新获取 systemctl restart network.service # 重启网络 yum install NetworkManager-tui nmtui edit enp0s3
通过 修改文件 设置IP地址
centos 6 : 静态IP
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
:DEVICE="eth0" # 设备名称 NM_CONTROLLED="no" # 是否被 NetworkManager 控制 ONBOOT=yes # 是否启动时就启用 TYPE=Ethernet # 网卡类型 BOOTPROTO=none # 分配IP地址的协议,这里是静态 IPADDR=000.000.000.000 # 该网卡的IP地址 PREFIX=24 # 网络/子网掩码长度 GATEWAY=000.000.000.000 # 网关 DNS1=000.000.000.000 # 第一个DNS服务器的IP地址 DEFROUTE=yes # 将此设为默认路由 IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no # 不使用 IPv6 NAME="System em1" # 该配置的名称 UUID=1dad842d-1912-ef5a-a43a-bc238fb267e7 # HWADDR=BC:30:5B:E9:7F:D8 # 硬件IP地址 USERCTL=no # 非root用户不能修改配置
centos 7 静态IP
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
。 多IP地址配置请参考 这里
```
HWADDR="AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF"
TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO="static"
DEFROUTE="yes"
PEERDNS="yes" # 是否修改 /etc/resolv.conf, 会被 /usr/sbin/dhclient-script 修改
PEERROUTES="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"
IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
NAME="enp2s0"
UUID="4f8451cc-8bcd-4318-8411-da1dcb753a15"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR=192.168.0.101 # 多个IP地址的话,可以配置 IPADDR0=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, 另起一行:IPADDR1=yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
NETMASK=255.255.0.0
DNS1=192.168.7.1
```
1. centos 6 动态IP `cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0`
```bash
DEVICE="eth0"
BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
HWADDR="08:00:27:6E:BB:7E"
NM_CONTROLLED="no"
ONBOOT="yes"
TYPE="Ethernet"
UUID="6521ca0a-bb80-4c78-8683-1e9bf23d0d52"
DNS1=8.8.8.8
```
1. centos 7 动态IP
```
HWADDR="AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF"
TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
DEFROUTE="yes"
PEERDNS="yes"
PEERROUTES="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"
IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
NAME="enp2s0"
UUID="4f8451cc-8bcd-4318-8411-da1dcb753a15"
ONBOOT="yes"
```
修改对主机名的本地DNS解析
vi /etc/hosts
# 追加以下一行 # 格式:内网IP地址 主机名,可防止RMI连接 127.0.0.1出错 000.000.000.000 h01
检查网络的启动级别和启动状态
[root@h01 ~]# chkconfig --list network network 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off [root@h01~]# service network status Configured devices: lo eth0 Currently active devices: lo eth0
使用代理(若无请跳过)
[参考](http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-set-proxy-environment-variable/ "How To Use Proxy Server To Access Internet at Shell Prompt With http_proxy Variable")
```bash
[root@h01 ~]# vi /etc/profile.d/custom.sh
export http_proxy=http://10.1.18.123:808/
export http_proxy=socks5://prod11.kingsilk.net:9999
```
检查网络的启动级别和启动状态
network 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭 [root@h01 ~]# service network status 配置设备: lo em1 当前的活跃设备: lo em1
验证
[root@h01 ~]# ping -c 4 baidu.com PING baidu.com (123.125.114.144) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 123.125.114.144: icmp_seq=1 ttl=51 time=219 ms 64 bytes from 123.125.114.144: icmp_seq=4 ttl=51 time=223 ms --- baidu.com ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 2 received, 50% packet loss, time 4000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 219.364/221.428/223.493/2.117 ms
起停命令
service network 用法:/etc/init.d/network {start|stop|status|restart|reload|force-reload} systemctl status NetworkManager.service nmcli dev status
安装较高版本GLibC
CentOS 6.3 默认自带的GLibC 是2.12版的,但是有的程序是使用2.14版本的。这里是更新GLibC的命令:
cd ~
mkdir glibc-tmp
cd glibc-tmp
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.17.tar.xz
tar xvJf glibc-2.17.tar.xz
./glibc-2.17/configure -disable-sanity-checks
make
make install
常用命令
查看Linux 版本
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/issue # 安装时的默认发行版本信息,不会再发生改变
CentOS release 6.3 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release # 安装时的默认发行版本信息,不会再发生改变
CentOS release 6.3 (Final)
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.4.6 20120305 (Red Hat 4.4.6-4) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Fri Jun 22 12:19:21 UTC 2012
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Jun 22 12:19:21 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
CentOS 基础设定
修改主机名,以及对主机名的本地解析
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
HOSTNAME=dev-dubbo2
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts
10.1.10.214 dev-dubbo2
修改网络配置
暂略,此步骤一般已由网管完成。
修改语言
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n
#LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
时区 timezone
ls /usr/share/zoneinfo # 列出可用时区
ll /etc/localtime # 查看当前时区
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 Apr 18 17:51 /etc/localtime -> ../usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai
# 重新设置时区
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
防火墙
如果是本地局域网,可以考虑将防火墙关闭
sestatus # 查看selinux
getenforce # 查看selinux
setenforce 0 # 临时关闭 selinux
vi /etc/selinux/config # SELINUX=enforcing -> disabled : 关闭
sed -i s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g /etc/selinux/config
service iptables stop
service ip6tables stop
chkconfig --level 2345 iptables off
chkconfig --level 2345 ip6tables off
chkconfig --list iptables
chkconfig --list ip6tables
# for centos 7
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl status firewalld
禁用 IPv6
# 临时 1
sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1
# 临时2
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/disable_ipv6
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/default/disable_ipv6
# 持久 vi /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1